basics

ANATOMY

BRACHIAL PLEXUS: Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches
Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beers.
Robert Taylor Drinks Cold Beer.

CRANIAL NERVES: I-optic, II-olfactory, III-oculomotor, IV-trochlear, V-trigeminal, VI-abducens, VII-facial, VIII-acoustic (vestibulocochlear), IX-glossophrayngeal, X-vagus, XI-spinal accessory, XII-hypoglossal
On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops
You have I nose. You have II eyes. (I - Olfactory; II -- Optic)

Innervation of Extraocularmotor Muscles:
LR6 (SO4) 3
LR6--Lateral rectus--> VI abductens
SO4--Superior Oblique--> IV Trochlear
3--The remaining 4 eyeball movers = III

Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Bras Matter More (what cranial nerve is Motor, Sensory, or Both)

BRANCHES OF FACIAL NERVE: Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Masseteric, Cervical
Ten Zebras Bought My Car
To Zanzibar By Motor Car

CERVICAL SPINAL NERVES:
c345 keeps the phrenic alive (innervation of phrenic nerve)
c345 keep the diaphragm alive (innervation of diaphragm)
c5-6-7 raise your arms to heaven (nerve roots of long thoracic nerve innervate serratus anterior)

LOCATION OF THORACIC DUCT:
The duck is between two gooses (duck = thoracic duct)
2 gooses = azyGOUS and esophaGOUS

ATTACHMENTS OF CHEST MUSCLES:
A lady between two majors.
Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip of bicipital groove.
Teres major attaches to medial lip of bicipital groove.
Latissimus dorsi attaches to the floor of bicipital groove.
The "lati" is between two "majors."

INNERVATION OF PENIS:
Parasympathetic puts it up; sympathetic spurts it out
"S2, 3, 4 keep the penis off the floor"
Innervation of the penis by branches of the pudental nerve, derived from spinal cord levels S2-4

"Lateral is less, medial is more."
Lateral pectoral nerves goes through pectoralis major while medial p.n. goes though both pec major and minor

AORTIC BRANCHES:
ABC'S
Aortic arch gives off the Bracheiocephalic trunk, the left Common Carotid, and the left Subclavian artery

ORDER OF THINGS IN THIGH:
"NAVEL"
nerve, artery, vein, empty space, lymphatics


NEUROANATOMY
For the function of the temporal lobes, think of a helmet which covers the side of the head:
HELM:
H : hearing
E : emotion
L : learning
M : memory

Anatomy
Bones of the Wrist
Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle
Slowly Lower Tilly's Pants To The Curly Hairs

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate


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Brachial Plexus
Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beers Robert Taylor Drinks Cold Beer

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches


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Branches of the Brachial Plexus (In order from most lateral to most medial)
My Aunt Raped My Uncle

Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median, Ulnar


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Cranial Nerves
Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Virgin Girls Vaginas And Hymens
You have 1 nose. You have 2 eyes. (The first "O" is Olfactory, second "O" is Optic)

To remember what cranial nerve is Motor, Sensory, or Both use this ( In order from CN I to CN XII):
Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Bras Matter Most


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Extraocularmotor muscles
LR6 (SO4) LR6: Lateral rectus --> VI abductens
SO4: Superior Oblique --> IV Trochlear
All other extraocularmotor muscles are CN III


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Branches of the Facial Nerve
Ten Zebras Bought My Car
Ten Zebras Bit My Cock
Two Zulus Buggered My Cat
To Zanzibar By Motor Car

Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Masseteric, Cervical


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Miscelaneous Anatomy Mnemonics

Innervation of phrenic nerve
c345 keeps the phrenic alive
c345 keep the diaphragm alive

Long thoracic nerve innervates serratus anterior
c5-6-7 raise your arms to heaven

Relationship of Thorasic duct to Esophagous and Azygous
The duck is between two gooses.
duck = thoracic duct 2 gooses = azyGOUS and esophaGOUS

Attachments of Pectoralis Major, Teres Major and Latissimus Drosi
A lady between tow majors.
Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip of bicipital groove, the teres major attaches to medial lip of bicipital groove, and the latissimus dorsi attaches to the floor of bicipital groove. The "lati" is between two "majors."

Innervation of the Penis
Parasympathetic puts it up; sympathetic spurts it out.
Point Shoot Score
Parasympathetic, sympathetic, somatomotor

Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerve
Lateral is less, medial is more.
Lateral pectoral nerves goes through pectoralis major while medial pn goes though both pectoral major and minor.

Layers of the epidermis
Granpa Shagging Grandma's Love Child.
Brent Spiner Gained Lieutenant Commander
Germinativum or Basale, Spinosum, Granulosum, Lucidum, Corneum

Things going through Orbital Fissure
Seven French Tarts Sit Naked In Anticipation


BONES
Back Trouble?
This uses the name of a famous Flemish physician to list off the different factors causing back troubles. It's pretty old, though, as knife and bullet wounds aren't mentioned. :^)
O
V
E
S
A
L
I
U
S Osteomyelitis
Vertebral Fracture
Extraspinal Tumour
Spondylolisthesis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Lumbar Disk Increase
Intraspinal Tumour
Unhappiness
Stress


Carpal (Wrist) Bones
"Scared Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle." Starting from the thumb, the eight carpal bones are Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, and Hamate. To tell the three T's apart... triquetrum has "tri/try" in it, and trapezium and trapezoid are in alphabetical order.
CARPenters use their hands. The CARPAL bones are of the hand, and not the foot.


Cranial Bones
Annoying, aren't they? The cranial bones are the PEST OF 6...
P
E
S
T
O
F

Parietal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Temporal
Occipital
Frontal
the six? the number of bones!



Try this one as well: Old People From Texas Eat Spiders.

Cranial Sutures
Sutures have CLASS...
C
L
A
S
S Coronal
Lambdoid
and
Squamous
Sagittal


Facial Bones
"Con Man Max and Pal Ziggy Lack Nasty Voices". Not the most intuitive acrostic in the world, but it works...
Con
Man
Max
Pal
Ziggy
Lack
Nasty
Voices Conchae
Mandible
Maxilla
Palatine
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Nasal
Vomer


Fontanels (Infant Skull)
A baby's first words might be "PAPA!"...
P
A
P
A Posterior
Anterior
Posterio-Lateral
Anterio-Lateral


Fractures
Star Wars fans (hi, Inderpal!) use "Go C3PO" to recall the seven types of bone fractures...
G
O
C
C
C
P
O Greenstick
Open
Complete
Closed
Comminuted
Partial
Other



Lower Leg Bones
Can't tell your tib from your fib? The TIBia is the Thick, Inner Bone. The FibuLa is Finer, Fluted, and Lateral.

Orbital Bones
This one's a bit silly. It relies on the belief that a species called the FLEZMS are in ORBITaround the earth.
F
L
E
Z
M
S Frontal
Lacrimal
Ethmoid
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Sphenoid

Two Zulu's Bruised My Cervix
This one is used to remember the branches of the facial nerve...a (Sent to me by axe@iinet.net.au)

T emporal nerve
Z ygomatic nerve
B uccal nerve
M arginal mandibular nerve
C ervical nerve

To Zanzibar By Motorcar

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Can't Handle
For the order of the bones in the wrist : Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate.
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Breasts Matter Most

For the Cranial Nerves 1 through 12, in determining whether they are Sensory, Motor, or Both (starting with Cranial Nerve 1)


Cranial bones:
Old Pygmies From Thailand Eat Skulls
Occipital
Parietal
Frontal
Temporal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

Cranial bones (alternative):
STEP OF 6
The 6 skull bones are:
Sphenoid
Temporal
Ethmoid
Parietal
Occipital
Frontal
Alternatively: "STEP OFf my skull".


Cranial sutures:
Learn Cranial Sutures
Lambdoid
Coronal
Sagittal

Branches of the External Carotid Artery in order starting with the first branch (superior thyroid artery).
See plate 29 in Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy.

Contributed by Calvin Lee, Surgical Resident, Case Western Reserve on 7/22/98. This is a good "pimp" question/fact when you are in the OR assisting on a thyroid or a carotid case. Know this one!

Sally Superior Thyroid
Ann Ascending Pharyngeal
Likes Lingual
Flirting Facial
On Occipital
Philidelphia's Posterior auricular
Main Maxillary
Street Superficial temporal


PHYSIOLOGY
Muscles
Horny Office Temps
Six factors triggering smooth muscle contraction are oxygen, temperature, ions, hormones, stretch, and acid level (pH). The acronym is "SHIP TO" but the mnemonic phrase is much better: Office Temp's Eye On Whore Stretching Ass. Notice ion is encoded as eye on in this example.

Crossbridge Cycle
The most basic part of the functional muscle is the cross bridge site where muscular contractions occur. The process of myosin heads attaching to actin, bending, then releasing takes four steps: ready, coupling, bending, letting go. A different chemical triggers each step thusly: hydrolysis makes Ready; Calcium ions cause the Coupling; ADP bends the myosin head; ATP lets go. Sounds like a new dance to me.

Calico Cats' Calm Milk
"Calico Cats' Calm Milk" is the pathway of smooth muscle contraction: Calcium Cation attaches to Calmodulin, which binds to Myosin Light Kinase.


BIOCHEMISTRY

Essential Amino Acids
PriVaTe TIM HALL
Phe, Val, Thr, Trp, Ile, Met, His, Arg, Leu, Lys


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Urea Cycle
Ordinarily, Careless Crappers, Are Also Frivolous About Urination.
Ornithine, Carbamoyl, Citrulline, Aginosuccinate, Aspartate, Fumarate, Arginine, Urea.

Pyrimidines are CUT from purines.
Pyrimidines are Cytosine, Uracil, Thiamine and are one ring structures.
Purines are double ring structures

PATHOLOGY
Classification of hypersensitivity reactions

submitted by Jed. "ACID"
Type I Anaphylaxis
Type II Cytotoxic - mediated
Type III Immune - complex
Type IV Delayed hypersensitivity